After eight days of heated discussions, Iran and the United States welcomed the "historic agreement" approved at the end of the work in Lausanne Group of 5 + 1 and the Iranian delegation.
This framework agreement ended eighteen months of intense negotiations between diplomats Hassan Rohani and representatives of six world powers. This statement has clarified the main points on which a final agreement must be drafted and ratified by the end of June 2015.
The importance of this framework agreement is the fact that both sides have arrived for the first time a compromise on the technical aspects as well as the legal aspects of negotiations.
Iran has accepted commitments and limits on its nuclear program to "reassure" the international community. Tehran agrees that its program is entirely peaceful and that there is no possibility of making any nuclear weapon. In return, the six powers representing "the international community" agreed to lift economic and financial sanctions imposed on Iran since 2006 by the resolutions of the UN Security Council, the US and the EU.
A few hours after the press conference between Mohammad Javad Zarif, Iran's foreign minister, and Frederica Mogerini, the head of the EU diplomacy, the US Department of State and the Iranian Foreign Ministry issued their version Text of this compromise. This difference of opinion has already sparked a lively debate between conservatives and reformers in Iran.
Nevertheless, the commitments of both parties are identical, only the "spirit" of the texts differs. The main Iran's commitments could be summarized by the following points:
- Iran has agreed to reduce by two thirds the number of centrifuges. In addition, the centrifugal will be preserved, will be those of the first generation of the uranium enrichment technology. Finally, they will run for 10 years.
- Iran will not build new uranium enrichment centers for 15 years.
- The heavy water nuclear reactor in Arak will be "repackaged" for it can not produce plutonium for military purposes.
- Controversial nuclear instillations at Fordow become a scientific research center.
Tehran also agreed that the IAEA becomes the reference oversight body of its commitments, which was not really the will of the Islamic Republic.
Lifting of international sanctions
The six world powers have agreed to lift the economic and unilateral financial sanctions after the IAEA certify that Iran meet its obligations.
The ongoing nuclear marathon
The purpose of this framework agreement is to reach a final agreement by 30 June. Once the agreement is found, a "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action" define precisely the commitments of both sides in the coming years.
The compromise "historic" Thursday night caused intense reactions on the international stage. The most anticipated reaction has been swift, Israel has sharply protested. On the Iranian side, despite criticism from conservative political forces, Imam appointed by the Supreme Leader, responsible for Friday prayers in Tehran praised the work of Iranian negotiators before the faithful.
For months, the two sides accused each other of lack of political will. It seems that this will no longer be henceforth a problem. A more detailed work on the technical aspects of Iran's commitments and legal obligations of the 5 + 1 now remains.
Iranian and US authorities are aware of what this "historic opportunity" two "moderate" governments seeking to end the controversy diplomatically. Democrats in the US require the agreement to make it the "showcase" their success in foreign policy.
"Moderate" Iranians, for their part, need to continue their policy of domestic reform. In a rare historical situation in the Middle East, more upset than ever, this movement of Iranian politics has the support of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei.
AmirBehnam Masoumi
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